2013- Reprints: Technology and Information Systems

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The prevalence and natural course of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome to cow’s milk: A large-scale, prospective population-based study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 127(3), 647-652e3, 2011.
Y. Katz, M. R. Goldberg, N. Rajuan, A. Cohen and M. Leshno
(Reprint No. 242)
Research number: 05110100

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Background: The prevalence and natural history for food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) have not been determined.

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and rate of recovery for FPIES in a large-scale, population-based prospective study.

Methods: In a prospective study the feeding history of 13,019 infants was obtained. Infants with probable adverse reactions to cow’s milk protein (CMP) were clinically examined, skin prick tested, and challenged orally. Diagnostic criteria for CMP induced FPIES included age less than 9 months, delayed recurrent vomiting (usually with nausea), and lethargy after exposure to CMP in the absence of other IgE-mediated symptoms, such as rash, urticaria, and respiratory symptoms. In addition, a positive challenge response to milk resulted in the abovementioned gastrointestinal symptoms; removal of milk from the diet resulted in the resolution of those symptoms, or both.

Results: Ninety-eight percent of the cohort participated in the study. The cumulative incidence for FPIES was 0.34% (44/13,019 patients). The most common symptoms were recurrent vomiting (100%), lethargy (77%) diarrhea (25%), pallor (14%), and bloody diarrhea (4.5%). All patients had FPIES within the first 6 months of life. By the age of 3 years, 90%of the patients had recovered.We did not detect any concomitant reaction to soy. Eight patients with FPIES had IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy (IgE-CMA).

Conclusions: The prevalence of FPIES is significant, and its clinical presentation is distinct from that of IgE-CMA. Most patients with FPIES recover, although a proportion might convert to IgE-CMA. The likelihood for a cross-reactivity to soy in this population was less than previously estimated. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:647-53).

 

The network value of products, Journal of Marketing, 77(3), 1-14, 2013.
G. Oestreicher-Singer, B. Libai, L. Sivan, E. Carmi & O. Yassin
(Reprint No. 276)

 

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Traditionally, the vaiue of a product has been assessed according to the direct revenues the product creates. However, products do not exist in isolation but rather influence one another's sales. Such influence is especially evident in e-commerce environments, in which products are often presented as a collection of web pages linked by recommendation hyperlinks, creating a large-scale product network. The authors present a systematic approach to estimate products' true value to a firm in such a product network. Their approach, which is in the spirit of the PageRank algorithm, uses available data from large-scale e-commerce sites and separates a product's value into its own intrinsic value, the value it receives from the network, and the value it contributes to the network. The authors demonstrate their approach using data collected from the product network of books on Amazon.com. Specifically, they show that the value of low sellers may be underestimated, whereas the value of best sellers may be overestimated. The authors explore the sources of this discrepancy and discuss the implications for managing products in the growing environment of product networks.

 

Content or community? A digital business strategy for content providers in the social age, MIS Quarterly, Special Issue on Digital Business Strategy, 37(2), 591-616, 2013.
G. Oestreicher-Singer & L. Zalmanson
(Reprint No. 277)

 

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The content industry has been undergoing a tremendous transformation in the last two decades. We focus in this paper on recent changes in the form of social computing. Although the content industry has implemented social computing to a large extent, it has done so from a techno-centric approach in which social features are viewed as complementary rather than integral to content. This approach does not capitalize on users’ social behavior in the website and does not answer the content industry’s need to elicit payment from consumers. We suggest that both of these objectives can be achieved by acknowledging the fusion between content and community, making the social experience central to the content website’s digital business strategy.

 

We use data from Last.fm, a site offering both music consumption and online community features. The basic use of Last.fm is free, and premium services are provided for a fixed monthly subscription fee. Although the premium services on Last.fm are aimed primarily at improving the content consumption experience, we find that willingness to pay for premium services is strongly associated with the level of community participation of the user.

 

Drawing from the literature on levels of participation in online communities, we show that consumers’ willingness to pay increases as they climb the so-called “ladder of participation” on the website. Moreover, we find that willingness to pay is more strongly linked to community participation than to the volume of content consumption. We control for self-selection bias by using propensity score matching. We extend our results by estimating a hazard model to study the effect of community activity on the time between joining the website and the subscription decision. Our results suggest that firms whose digital business models remain viable in a world of “freemium” will be those that take a strategic rather than techno-centric view of social media, that integrate social media into the consumption and purchase experience rather than use it merely as a substitute for offline soft marketing. We provide new evidence of the importance of fusing social computing with content delivery and, in the process, lay a foundation for a broader strategic path for the digital content industry in an age of growing user participation.

 

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